Profiling the Audience for Self-Transcendent Media: A National Survey     

Arthur A. Raney  Sophie H. Janicke  Mary Beth Oliver  Katherine R. Dale  Robert P. Jones  Daniel Cox 《Mass Communication and Society》2018,21(3):296-319

This article reports the findings from a national survey of self-transcendent (or inspiring) media audience members in the United States. Exposure to self-transcendent content is socially significant because, theoretically, it can orient users toward matters beyond themselves, ultimately promoting connections with others and altruistic behaviors. However, to date, little is known about the daily audiences for such fare. Four primary questions guided the investigation: (a) What are the media sources and contents identified as “inspiring” by the audience? (b) Who makes up the current U.S. audience for self-transcendent media content? (c) What personality traits and viewer characteristics are associated with self-transcendent media consumption? and (d) What prosocial and altruistic behaviors are associated with self-transcendent media consumption? To address these questions, a nationally representative survey (n = 3,006) was conducted. The findings are discussed in relation to the growing body of scholarship on positive media psychology.  相似文献   

Institutional pedagogy for an autonomous society: Castoriadis & Lapassade     

Sophie Wustefeld 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2018,50(10):936-946

Abstract

This article explores how George Lapassade’s institutional pedagogy meets the definition of ‘praxis’ formulated by Cornelius Castoriadis, as the activity creating reflective and deliberative subjects. Lapassade applies Castoriadis’s criticism of bureaucracy to transform the teacher-learners’ relationship and emphasises how self-governance group dynamics among learners facilitates learning in general and access to critical thinking in particular. Castoriadis’s concept of democracy as individual and collective autonomy demands an interpretation of equality as a dynamic process instead of as a state of social relations, both in politics and in classrooms. His understanding of politics as a matter of opinions rather than applied knowledge necessitates a questioning of how the relationship between politics and knowledge is presented in classrooms. The argument articulates two main themes: (1) authority and power both between adults and children and within class groups, and (2) the relationship between knowledge and politics, problematised by Castoriadis’s concept of truth.  相似文献   

Why use learning outcomes in higher education? Exploring the grounds for academic resistance and reclaiming the value of unexpected learning     

Anton Havnes  Tine Sophie Prøitz 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2016,28(3):205-223

Learning outcomes are now mandated in higher education courses across Europe. However, their impact on teaching and student learning is both uncertain and an issue for debate. In this paper, we explore (1) what is meant by learning outcomes in diverse contexts and (2) whether policy and practice governing learning outcomes accord with developments in learning theories, especially regarding sociocultural approaches that have drawn significant interest since the 1990s (Engeström 1987; Lave and Wenger 1991). Shepard’s (Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4–14, 2000) publication is particularly salient to our examination due to her identification of an emerging paradigm to assist in the understanding of the relationships among teaching, learning and assessment. Employing recent work on conceptualisations of learning outcomes and a four-quadrant taxonomy (Prøitz in Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 22(2), 119–137, 2010, 2014), we discuss relevant learning theory approaches. This article is a conceptual investigation exploring the grounds for the assumption that learning can be predefined in terms of (expected) outcomes. Specifically, we discuss this assumption from the perspective of recent developments in learning theories. We argue that introducing learning outcomes predominantly for policy and management purposes may actually weaken the learning outcomes’ potential to direct teaching and learning and to improve the quality of both.  相似文献   

From role models to nations in need of advice: Norway and Sweden under the OECD’s magnifying glass     

Daniel Pettersson  Tine Sophie Prøitz  Eva Forsberg 《教育政策杂志》2017,32(6):721-744

By analysing five separate OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment practices with Norway and Sweden as cases, our study illustrates different ways in which a specific international educational reasoning is blended into more context-based national education policies and, as such, works in parallel with internal reforms and agendas. It is evident that an overarching narrative promotes the importance of coherent and integrated systems of evaluation and assessment in order to strengthen social and political endeavours for equity, quality and achievements. The parallel mix of OECD discourses and national discourses creates a combined narrative in which evaluations and assessments appear natural, self-evident and rational as well as highly adaptable to national settings. The study shows that national vertical and/or horizontal developments are intertwined with the OECD policy recommendations, which are quite general in character. In a continuing process of uploading and downloading, within different contexts, policies are elaborated and recontextualised. Evaluations and assessments are part of a contemporary rational paradigm for mapping and promoting performance in national educational systems – what we identify as a comparative curriculum code.  相似文献   

How do young people choose college majors?     

Claude Montmarquette  Kathy Cannings  Sophie Mahseredjian 《Economics of Education Review》2002,21(6):112

Previous studies on the determinants of the choice of college major have assumed a constant probability of success across majors or a constant earnings stream across majors. Our model disregards these two restrictive assumptions in computing an idiosyncratic expected earnings variable to explain the probability that a student will choose a specific major among four choices of concentrations. The construction of an expected earnings variable requires information on the student's perceived probability of success, the predicted earnings of graduates in all majors and the student's expected earnings if he (she) fails to complete a college program. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we evaluate the chances of success in all majors for all the individuals in the sample. Second, the individuals' predicted earnings of graduates in all majors are obtained using Rumberger and Thomas's [Econ. Educ. Rev. 12 (1993) 1] regression estimates from a 1987 Survey of Recent College Graduates. Third, we obtain idiosyncratic estimates of earnings alternative of not attending college or by dropping out with a condition derived from our college major decision-making model applied to our sample of college students. Finally, with a mixed multinomial logit and probit models and an heteroscedastic extreme value model, we explain the individuals' choice of a major. The results of the paper show that the expected earnings variable is essential in the choice of a college major. There are, however, significant differences in the impact of expected earnings by gender and race.  相似文献   

Australian social work academics’ perceptions of their teaching roles within higher education     

Sophie Goldingay  Greer Lamaro Haintz  Juliana Ryan  Danielle Hitch  Susie Macfarlane 《高等教育研究与发展》2017,36(5):975-988

The marketisation of higher education (HE) has created a number of tensions and ideological dilemmas that may influence how academics see their roles and teaching practices. This paper explores how academics in the discipline of social work (who were also in leadership roles) perceive their roles and identities and manage the tensions and dilemmas that arise for them as teachers in the current HE environment. Unless the tensions and dilemmas are articulated, it is not possible to understand and manage their impact on academics. This may lead to the loss of quality learning experiences for students and lower workplace satisfaction. This paper addresses the research question: were there ideological dilemmas experienced by social work academics in the current environment and if so, what subject positions did they adopt in response to these? A discursive psychology approach was used to answer this question. Data showed a range of ideological dilemmas represented by each of the different subject positions adopted. The paper concludes with questions for readers to consider, generating ideas for transferring understanding of these ideological dilemmas into positive action within the workplace.  相似文献   

Heart rate measures from the Apple Watch,Fitbit Charge HR 2, and electrocardiogram across different exercise intensities     

Elizabeth A. Thomson  Kayla Nuss  Ashley Comstock  Steven Reinwald  Sophie Blake  Richard E. Pimentel 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(12):1411-1419

This study compared heart rate (HR) measurements for the Fitbit Charge HR 2 (Fitbit) and the Apple Watch devices with HR measurements for electrocardiogram (ECG). Thirty young adults (15/15 females/males, age 23.5 ± 3.0 years) completed the Bruce Protocol. HR measurements were recorded from the ECG and both devices every minute. Average HR for each participant was calculated for very light, light, moderate, vigorous and very vigorous intensities based on ECG-measured HR. A concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was calculated to examine the strength of the relationship between ECG measured HR and HR measured by each device. Relative error rates (RER) were also calculated to indicate the difference between each device and ECG. An equivalence test was conducted to examine the equivalence of HRs measured by devices and ECG. The Apple Watch showed lower RER (2.4–5.1%) compared with the Fitbit (3.9–13.5%) for all exercise intensities. For both devices, the strongest relationship with ECG-measured HR was found for very light PA with very high CCC (>.90) and equivalence. The strength of the relationship declined as exercise intensity increased for both devices. These findings indicate that the accuracy of real-time HR monitoring by the Apple Watch and Fitbit Charge HR2 is reduced as exercise intensity increases.  相似文献   

The governance and standardisation of research information in different science systems: A comparative analysis of Germany and Italy     

Sophie Biesenbender 《Higher Education Quarterly》2019,73(1):116-127

This paper takes a policy‐analytical perspective on the evolution of standards of research information (RI) and provides a framework for analysing processes of RI standardisation in different research systems. It focuses on the choice of policy instruments on the macro level (government) and their effects with regard to policy reactions, decisions and practices on the meso level (Higher Education institutions). Next to providing a conceptual frame for analysing and comparing—direct and indirect—RI standardisation processes, the paper presents exploratory evidence with regard to the German and Italian science systems. The empirical analysis shows that policies (indirectly) regulating the institutional processing of RI (e.g., evaluation policies) might indeed lead to the standardisation of RI in a science system. Policy reactions on the meso or organisational level, which largely shape the standardisation dynamics, depend on the strategic relevance of the policy and on available implementation support.  相似文献   

Impact of pharmacy medicine information service advice on clinician and patient outcomes: an overview     

Jill Rutter  Paul Rutter 《Health information and libraries journal》2019,36(4):299-317

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Cultivating Orchids May Help Conserve Wild Species in China     

Sophie J.Williams 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2018,(2)

正Over-exploitation of economically valuable species is a major threat to biodiversity.Few studies have investigated the role of consumer behavior in driving over-exploitation of rare,wild species in the lucrative horticultural trade.Dr.Sophie Williams,a postdoc of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG),and her collaborators conducted a study to investigate consumer preferences for particular attributes of ornamental  相似文献